Fair World Project joined nearly 100 organization in the US and Europe register our early concern about the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), also known as Transatlantic Free Trade Agreement (TAFTA), based on the information about the coming negotiations and state our opposition to the use of behind-closed-door trade negotiations to change and lower public interest measures for the sake of commercial interests. This letter was sent at the start of the second round of negotiations in Brussels the week of November 11, 2013.
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November 11, 2013
Dear President Barack Obama, President José Manuel Barroso, and President Herman Van Rompuy:
The United States and the European Union are set to begin negotiations of a “trade” and investment agreement, a proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), also referred to as a Transatlantic Free Trade Agreement (TAFTA). We the undersigned organizations from Europe and the United States wish to register our early concern based on the information about the coming negotiations and state our opposition to the use of behind-closed-door trade negotiations to change and lower public interest measures for the sake of commercial interests.
As both parties have noted, because tariffs in the United States and European Union are already low, the proposed agreement would focus in particular on “regulatory issues and non-tariff trade barriers.” We are concerned that the process leading to the launch of TAFTA negotiations has been dominated by transatlantic business interests, which appear intent on undermining the strongest public interest safeguards on either side of the Atlantic with which their products and operations must now conform. Their agenda is to use these negotiations as a means to pursue deregulation efforts that have been unsuccessful to date. Industry representatives, organized since 1995 as the Transatlantic Business Dialogue, recently renamed the Transatlantic Business Council, have pushed for “harmonization” of divergent standards, free passage of goods and authority to operate services under “mutual recognition” terms and elimination of what they call “trade irritants” and we consider some of our most important consumer and environmental safeguards.
A transatlantic agreement that is little more than a vehicle to facilitate deregulation would not only threaten to weaken critical consumer and environmental safeguards, but also conflict with the democratic principle that those living with the results of regulatory standards – residents of our countries – must be able to set those standards through the democratic process, even when doing so results in divergent standards that businesses may find inconvenient.
Thus, we are highly skeptical that an agreement focused on regulatory “harmonization” will serve consumer interests, workers’ rights, the environment, and other areas of public interest. Rather, it could lead to lower standards and regulatory ceilings instead of floors. A “free trade” deal must not limit the United States or the EU (or its member states) from adopting and enforcing standards that provide higher levels of consumer, worker, and environmental protection.
We denounce the particularly opaque and exclusive nature of recent trade negotiations and insist that negotiating texts be released to the public. Given a prospective agreement would impact on a broad array of public interest policies, the process must be open to the public. The U.S. and EU governments must commit to make negotiating texts and country submissions for TAFTA publicly available. Stakeholder groups, including those not granted the preferential access of official trade advisory committees, must be able to review the proposed text if they are to give meaningful input on the critical policy decisions at issue. Consultations with diverse stakeholders should occur early on and throughout the process. The disproportionate consultation with business and industry groups in prior agreements negotiated by the U.S. and EU has resulted in a narrow array of input and outcomes which has benefited industry over communities and the environment.
In addition, we wish to highlight just some of the consumer, environmental, and worker interests, which we will be watching closely and for which we will be demanding accountability, given the potential scope of the proposed agreement:
No Investor-State Dispute Resolution: A potential agreement between the United States and EU must not include investor-state dispute resolution. Particularly given that U.S. and EU property rights laws and courts are robust, there is no pretext for granting foreign investors superior rights to domestic firms or subjecting our judicial systems to tribunals empowered to raid our Treasuries. The inclusion of such extreme provisions in prior trade and investment deals has enabled powerful interests, from tobacco companies to corporate polluters, to use investor-state dispute resolution to challenge and undermine consumer, public health and environmental protections. Investor-state tribunals have ordered taxpayers to compensate foreign corporations with billions of dollars for the domestic, non-discriminatory enforcement of such protections. To avoid such overreaching procedural and substantive investor privileges, greater than those afforded to domestic firms in either the United States or the EU, any deal must exclude investor-state dispute resolution.
Safe Food: Trading partners must be free to establish facially non-discriminatory food safety, nutrition and labeling standards that are stronger than any harmonized norm set in an agreement and that meet the objective of consumer protection and environmental and ethical considerations. Each nation must be allowed to set such standards based on consumer demands and priorities alone, even in the face of scientific uncertainty. Food safety and inspection standards must be established at the highest level to ensure consumer protection, and should include plans for a transatlantic rapid alert notification system and a phase out of the non-therapeutic use of antibiotics in animals.
Financial Stability: Any harmonized standards must set a floor of strong financial regulation, based on the most robust U.S. and EU reregulation efforts, to reflect the lessons of the deregulation-fueled financial crisis of 2007-2009, and must ensure the freedom of the trading partners to establish and enforce more robust regulations. The United States and EU must be free without exception to establish limits on the size of financial institutions; establish strong regulations on mergers and acquisitions; insist on separation of commercial banking, investment banking, and insurance functions; ban or restrict the offering of risky financial services or products; establish fees and taxes for financial institutions and financial transactions; adopt reserve requirements above international standards; impose performance standards and investment obligations; cap fees and interest rates, and enact capital controls.
Access to Affordable Medicines and Innovation on the Internet: Consumers’ access to affordable medicines and their ability to innovate on and use the Internet must not be restricted. The United States and EU should ensure that consumers will maintain their ability to use the Internet freely and not be subjected to increased healthcare costs for the sake of pharmaceutical corporations’ narrow business interests. This prospective agreement should exclude all intellectual property provisions, including, among others, those relating to patents, copyright, trademarks and data protection.
Climate Security: Any agreement must provide policy space for signatory countries to respond to the emerging climate crisis and facilitate a transition to more sustainable consumption and production patterns. To advance sustainability and avert catastrophic climate change, trading partners must have the policy space to adopt tax policies, mandatory performance standards, carbon and pollution regulations, schemes for self-generation or “feed-in” electricity tariffs, procurement policy that gives preference to renewable energy and green products, renewable energy standards, or other policies without being subject to challenge under the agreement.
Safe Drugs, Medical Devices, and Chemicals: Trading partners must be free to establish high safety and efficacy standards that drugs, devices, and chemicals must meet before being afforded market approval or market access. The United States and the EU must be free to institute the testing regimes they deem appropriate.
Effective Regulation of Emerging Technologies: Trading partners must be afforded discretion to regulate products of emerging technologies, such as nano- and bio-technologies. Flexibility must be preserved to enact new facially non-discriminatory regulations to meet the objectives of consumer protection and environmental or ethical protections in the face of evolving technologies.
Given the breadth of consumer, worker, and environmental implications of such an extensive potential agreement between the United States and the EU, this letter does not represent an exhaustive list of our concerns. We will be monitoring the negotiations closely and will defend our rights against behind-closed-door decision-making at the service of corporate interests. We will also continue our efforts to develop and promote alternative approaches to global challenges of climate change, environmental deterioration, unemployment, increasing inequality and food insecurity that are based on democratic accountability and cooperation instead of economic competition and “trade” liberalization.
Sincerely,
U.S. and EU
Transatlantic Consumer Dialogue (TACD)
Greenpeace
U.S.
Coalition for Sensible Safeguards
Open The Government
Citizens Trade Campaign
Health Care for America Now (HCAN)
International Brotherhood of Teamsters
American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME)
Family Farm Defenders
Presbyterian Church (USA)
US Public Interest Research Group (PIRG)
Consumer Federation of American (CFA)
National Consumers League
Public Citizen
Liberty Coalition
Public Knowledge
Center for Food Safety
Center for Digital Democracy
American Medical Student Association
Friends of the Earth, U.S.
Center for Effective Government
Alliance for a Just Society (AJS)
New Rules for Global Finance Coalition
Global Exchange
National Association of Consumer Advocates
Institute for Policy Studies – Global Economy Project
Food & Water Watch
Center for Policy Analysis on Trade and Health
Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy
Farmworker Association of Florida
Fair World Project
Just Foreign Policy
Health GAP
International Center For Technology Assessment
Knowledge Ecology International
Columban Center for Advocacy and Outreach
The Second Chance Foundation
Sciencecorps
Earthjustice
Citizens’ Environmental Coalition
Moana Nui Action Alliance (MNAA)
NJ Work Environment Council
Puget Sound Advocates for Retirement Action (PSARA)
SELF
Take Back America for the People (TBA)
Tarrant County AFL-CIO
Coalition Against the Rockaway Pipeline (CARP)
New York City Friends of Clearwater
North American Intertribal Missions (NAIM)
Berkeley Fellowship of Unitarian Universalists Social
Justice Committee
Marin Interfaith Task Force on the Americas
Worldview
Europe
Food & Water Europe
Friends of the Earth Europe (FoEE)
Corporate Europe Observatory
Transnational Institute
Fair Trade Advocacy Office
ANEC
Health Action International
European Environmental Bureau (EEB)
Umweltdachverband, Austria
11.11.11, Belgium
Centre National de Coopération au Développement (CNCD 11.11.11), Belgium
Transport & Environment (T&E), Belgium
ATTAC Vlaanderen, Belgium
Africa Contact, Denmark
K.U.L.U.- Women and Development (KULU), Denmark
Association internationale de techniciens, experts et chercheurs – AITEC, France
ATTAC France
ATTAC Finland
AbL-Arbeitsgemeinschaft bäuerliche Landwirtschaft, Germany
Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland (BUND) –
Friends of the Earth Germany
FDCL e.V., Germany
Federation of German Consumer Organizations (vzbz),
Germany
Gen-ethisches Netzwerk (Gene-ethical Network), Germany
German NGO Forum on Environment and Development,
Germany
Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU),
Germany
PowerShift – Verein fuer eine oekologisch-solidarische
Energie- & Weltwirtschaft e.V., Germany
SEEDS Action Network (SAN), Germany
World Economy, Ecology & Development, Germany
Consumer Association for the Quality of Life (EKPIZO),
Greece
ATTAC Hungary
Fairwatch, Italy
Terra Nuova – Centro per il volontariato ONLUS, Italy
Both ENDS, Netherlands
Platform Duurzame en Solidaire Economie, Netherlands
Platform Aarde Boer Consument, Netherlands
Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom
(WILPF), Netherlands
Campaign against Euro-federalism (CAEF), UK
GeneWatch UK
Keep Our National Health Service Public (KONP), UK
National Health Action Party (NHAP), UK
National Health Service Consultants’ Association, UK
No2EU-Yes to Democracy, UK
PoHG – The Politics of Health Group, UK
Trade Justice Movement (TJM), UK
ATTAC Vlaanderen
*This letter was originally sent on July 8, 2013 during the first TTIP negotiating round in Washington, DC. It has been updated to reflect the signatories of a number of additional organizations.